Climates

Climate is the composite or generally prevailing weather conditions of a region, as temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloudiness, and winds, throughout the year, averaged over a series of years.

According Wladimir Köppen's classification of world climates; 
GroupA: Tropical/Mega thermal climates
-Equatorial
-Tropical Continental 
-Monsoon 
Group B: Dry arid/semiarid climates
-Hot desert
-Cold climate 
Group E: Polar and alpine climates
-Tundra 

The Equatorial climate is located in the lowland areas within 5-10 latitude of the equator. The average monthly temperatures are 26ºC-28ºC. It’s precipitations are 2000mm or more per year. The Equatorial Climate is usually located Equatorial Rainforests, more species of plants can be found in the equatorial rainforest than in other type of plant community. All year round, winds are light and humidity is very high.

The Savannah, it is located in Africa, Asia and northern South America. This climate has a wet season and a dry season, in the wet season the temperatures are 85ºF-120ºF and in the dry season the temperatures are 70ºF. The precipitations are of 60mm in the wet season and in the dry season it has much less. The dry season is prolonged from 5 to 6 months usually from May to October and the wet season is prolonged from 5 to 6 months, from December to March. Only grass grows in the savanna, with some scattered trees. If the Savannah didn't have dry season, trees would populate the savanna. Thanks to the fact that it gets just enough precipitation, the region is a semi-arid climate.

The Monsoon, you can come along with this climate along the coastal regions of southwest India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Southwestern Africa, French Guiana and northeast and southeastern Brazil. The temperature span is between 19ºC and 23ºC. All along the dry season the precipitations are between 60mm and 100mm, and in the wet season tropical revolving storms (cyclones) can occur and have up to 2500mm. The wet season is prolonged from June to September and the dry season, also called cold dry, is prolonged from october to january and the hot dry season is prolonged from February to May. Very large-scale circulations that can simultaneously affect and be affected by global climate

The Hot Desert, also known as an arid climate. Most hot deserts are located between 20º and 35º north and south of the equator. During the day the temperature can reach 50°C, when at night it may drop below 0°C. The annual precipitations are from 20mm to 200mm. The Sahara desert is the largest one, covering 9 million km2. Hot desert climates are frequently found under the subtropical ridge where there is largely unbroken sunshine for the whole year because of the stable descending air and high pressure aloft. There are three factors which form desert areas:

1-the presence of high pressure, creating cloud-free conditions

2-cold ocean currents

3-mountain ranges to create rain shadows

The Cold Climate’s temperature ranges from -47ºC to 0ºC. The minimal temperature is -87ºC (Antarctica) and the Maximal temperature is +25ºC (Tundra). The precipitation may vary but it is mostly in form of snow. The vegetation in the polar area is scarce and in the Tundra, moss, lichens, grass, boreal forest conifer wood. The polar regions are the coldest on earth, also called “eternal ice”.

The Tundra, it's width is from most of Greenland to parts of Alaska, northern Canada, and northern Russia. The temperatures scale from -12ºC to -6ºC. It’s precipitations are of 6-10 inches of rain annually. Summer lasts only 6 to 10 weeks. Tundra ecosystems are treeless regions located in the Arctic and on the tops of mountains, tundra lands are snow-covered for most of the year, until summer brings a burst of wildflowers. Mountain goats, sheep, marmots, and birds live in mountain, or alpine, tundra and feed on the low-lying plants and insects.